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Rio vibriert The Sound of Rio carioca som

Not assumable becomes consumable ................... becomes subsumable

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Migration Caused by Rural Exodus

The urban structure of today's Brazil was dictated by colonizers' politics. Their only interest in overseas trading ended at the coast by creating harbour cities.
In the beginning of the 20th century Rio had become Brazil’s industrial centre and its first city to suffer from migration.

According to Drummond there are four waves of migration:

The first wave, caused mainly by attractive salaries in the city, attracted rural population from Guanabara, whose descendants make up 50 percent of today’s favelas. The rural exodus was so intense that Rio's population doubled from 1930 within 5 years to 2.38 million.
In 1940, the second wave arrived from neighbouring states Espirito-Santo and Minas-Gerais. In 1960, the road from Salvador de Bahia to Rio de Janeiro was built, a call to the south, the land of industries and workplaces. Consequently the way to Rio has gotten easier and faster so that not only the coastal but also the western population (tormented by drought) followed the call, forming the third wave.

43 percent of industries are located in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas-Gerais and Espirito-Santo.

These three waves are typical for rural exodus, since the rural population has no possession.

Two percent of the population possess 60 percent of Brazilian land.

The rural population is dependent on large landed proprietors, who are recruiting farm labourers on an as-needed basis and only for room and board. This makes it impossible for them to emancipate themselves, except by emigration to the city. This is especially true when prospects for work are next to nothing during periods of drought.

In the city 64,7% of labourers are earning more than minimum wage; in the countryside, only 14,9 %.

The image of the heavenly south has been created by industrial magnates and by rural migrants to the city themselves.
Rural migrants sent letters with superfluous photos of nice girls, sporty cars, and other ingredients of the urban world of consumption, which – of course – were not available to them. Letters illustrated the Arcadia 'city,' a distortion substantiated in black and white by the media.

The rate of population growth among rural migrants was a totally unexpected fact. It was so high that Drummond defined it as the fourth wave of migration.

This excessive growth rate was never noticed until now, since the infant mortality rate in the countryside was a lot higher than in the city.

These four waves had been observed; but no reactions were observed. So Rio's population grew and grew. Even today the problem has yet to be resolved.